Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping

In Housekeeping (1980), Marilyn Robinson provides a sense of women and the space and the domestic constraints of society. The story crosses several generations of women and their lives in a single house in a town named Fingerbone. Ruthie is the main protagonist. She is a young woman who grew up in a household of women, beginning with her grandmother, then her great aunts, her aunt, and her only sister. But the house in which they were all trapped in one way or another was built by and for a man. He was a child of the plains who longed for the mountains, and the site of the house was his dream, not theirs. The isolation of the house physically paralleled the emotional isolation of all the characters. Indeed, the tone of the narration by Ruthie is emotionally flat. Despite the level of tragedy which is continually visited on the family, the language and the flavor of the conversation is highly unemotional and detached. From the perspective of showing an important characteristic of the narrator, her lack of emotion in general, it is rather a boring effect for the reader. It keeps the protagonist distanced from the very audience which should be sympathetic to her. The story is a simple downward progression. Ruthie and her sister Louise came to live in the house after first her grandfather died in a train wreck which pitched the train into a local lake, then her mother committed suicide after dropping the girls off with their grandmother. No reason for this action is given, nor do the characters seem to particularly care. Five years later, their grandmother, who had little emotional connection with the girls also died, leaving her two older sisters-in-law in charge. They equally had no idea what to do with young girls. The first intrusion on the blandness of life was the return of Sylvie, Ruthie's mother's sister who was itinerant and mysterious. Certainly the aunts did not approve of her. But she was a convenience, for when she came the aunts were free to go home and leave matters entirely in her hands. Sylvie is the first person in the novel to show any emotion, and she does show love toward the girls. Sylvie is the breath of fresh air in an otherwise stagnant world. But it quickly becomes apparent that she will probably not stay forever. Lucille is a child who is likely to stay put, but Ruthie responds to Sylvie's suppressed wanderlust. At last they have a source of information about their mother, about the larger world. Sylvie was the opposite of the oppressive atmosphere of the town and the house. Both closed in on a person, making them small. But Sylvie had broken away before, and neither the town nor the house had any real power over her. When spring came shortly after Sylvie's arrival, the town flooded, again cutting the three of them off from other human company and stranding them in the house. With this development, the girls find that they are becoming dependent on Sylvie and for the first time learn that they have something to fear in being separated from her by the state. As always, there is a sense of loss, of the fear of abandonment. The reaction by the local townspeople to the women revealed much of the character of the family and of themselves. Robinson describes them as standoffish, knowing hardly anyone in town. They were self sufficient to themselves, and the house was a symbol of this. It was built alone on a hill so that it did not suffer as the rest of the town did in times of flood. The townspeople came and made sure they were all right and then left to put the town back in order unaided by Ruthie, Sylvie and Lucille. The primary social contact for the girls was the school they attended. But even there, they were isolated. Because of some unpleasantness for Lucille in which she was accused of cheating, both girls played hookey for an extended period of time. It was while they were hiding out that they saw Sylvie try to walk across the narrow, dangerous railroad bridge that spanned the lake. This was the same bridge where the train derailment which killed their grandfather occurred. As a result, both girls were very fearful of the loss they faced if something happened to her. It is at this point that housekeeping comes into the plot. Sylvie talked a lot about it and even did some. But she was very eccentric about the meals she prepared and the cleaning that she did. Lucille was not content with Sylvie, but Ruthie was for Ruthie was a kindred spirit. Lucille began to turn her attention to the town and the more conventional life it held out. By summer, it was clear that Lucille's loyalties lay elsewhere. But for the summer they both stayed out of the house most of the time and hid in the woods. Lucille increasingly found things to dislike about Sylvie, especially her housekeeping which was erratic. She offended Lucille's sense of propriety. By implication, Ruthie lacked one for she and Sylvie seemed to be similar in tastes and goals, or rather lack of goals. Essentially, Sylvie was a transient in the settled world, and Lucille was one who would voluntarily stay put. With time, the girls began to separate, and there arose an us versus them mentality, with us being Ruthie and Sylvie. Lucille invented a mother who was a meticulous housekeeper and a traditional mother. Ruthie had no such illusions, nor did she care. With time, the house under Sylvie's management became increasingly more disheveled, and full of papers and other rubbish. Ruthie adapted and was comfortable with it, as was Sylvie, but Lucille moved out to pursue a more normal life. The climactic series of events which ended up tearing the family apart truly was Ruthie's joining Sylvie in an overnight jaunt which started with a stolen rowboat for a chance to look at the train submerged in the lake holding her grandfather's remains and the eventual ride back into town on a freight train. That set the ladies of the town to trying to see that Ruthie did not herself succumb to being a transient. Under the threat of having the state take Ruthie from Sylvie, both decided to flee together. They first tried to burn down the house, but it did not burn. They escaped by walking at night across the railroad bridge, and were subsequently presumed dead. For the rest of their lives they wandered from place to place, rootless. Ruthie took up the life that Sylvie led, and both drifted around, never seeing Lucille again. There is a great sense of loss and sadness in this book. There is little in the way of close human connection, sympathy, or love. Overall, it is both ghostly and depressing. However, its strength is in the perceptive description of people and places. Robinson is especially vivid with the sense of place, whether of the house or the place in Seattle where the girls lived with their mother before coming to Fingerbone. Her descriptions of people were clear portraits that told as much of their character as their appearance. What the book lacked emotionally was made up in the artistry of the language.

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay

1. The fictional book, Jonathon Livingston Seagull written by Richard Bach, sold over a million copies during its debut in 1970 and stayed on The New York Times Top Ten list for 38 weeks in a row. The story focuses on Jonathon the seagull’s passion for flying and his belief that there is more to life than scavenging for food. Bach explores the idea that there is more to this life than what meets the eye and the extreme satisfaction you receive when doing something you are great at and have a passion for. 2. The setting of this story takes place on some sea shore where thousands of seagulls live. The sea shore setting described in the book really helps to paint a picture of what Jonathon and this flock of seagulls experienced daily, â€Å"It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of a gentle sea.†(Bach pg 3) 3. Jonathon Livingston Seagull is the protagonist in this story with his strong drive and persistence to be different from the flock and to be his own seagull. The antagonists in the story are the Elders of the flocks of seagulls because they are very closed mined leaders and they force Jonathon and other seagulls to be outcast from society and ban them to a life of isolation and despair. Chiang was an Elder Gull that taught Jonathon very specialized flying techniques and improved his skills and taught him things about life. When Jonathon was outcast from the gull community everyone in the community thought that Jonathon was a reckless and irresponsible seagull, so when Jonathon finally returned to the community and everyone saw how amazing his flying skills were they changed their minds and many of them asked to be taught by Jonathon himself which was breaking the gull community law, This is an example of foil characters. â€Å"His thought was triumph. Terminal velocity! A seagull at two hundred and fourteen miles per hours! It was a breakthrough, the greatest single moment in the history of the flock, and in that moment a new age opened for Jonathon Gull.† (pg 16-17) 4. The plot of this story is a traditional plot type. The story ends with the last words of his Jonathon’s teacher, â€Å"Keep working on love.† Through his teachings, Jonathan understands that the spirit cannot be really free without the ability to forgive, and that the way to progress leads for him, at least through becoming a teacher, not just through working hard as a student. So, if any seagull believes that it is free to do what it wants to, it becomes Jonathan the seagull, for whom, possibilities were endless. Every law is an illusion. Once we become conscious of this, our existence gets a new meaning. a. The biggest conflict was Jonathon going against the norm of the seagull community and ultimately getting expelled from the community for his irresponsible acts. â€Å"For his reckless irresponsibility†, â€Å"Violating the dignity and tradition of the Gull family.† (pg 24) b. The situation at the end where Jonathon returned to the breakfast seagull flock was significant because it demonstrated forgiveness and compassion. These gulls hated Jonathon and wanted nothing to do with him and yet he still had the courage to forgive them and even teach them how to fly like he does. â€Å"You have to practice to see the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to see it in themselves.†(pg 89) 5. -This book was definitely one of the more inspiring books that made me think out of the box that I have read in quite some time. For example, I really liked one of the messages that implied that if you want to have a fulfilling happy meaningful life you need to stop following the crowd and make your own path even if there are consequences. If you find something that you are good at and enjoy doing stick with it and master it and watch how it will shape you life. -This story uplifted my spirits and motivated my behavior change in several ways. For example, Jonathon Livingston Seagull is a great example to me because not only does he go against the norm and try to learn everything about his passion in life, he also learns forgiveness and compassion for the other seagulls of the community and wants to teach them how to live a wonderful life. I have noticed in my life that I am most happy when I have found something that I love to do and also when I am helping others find that same thing or serving them in some manner and I think Jonathon mastered this aspect of true charity. â€Å"You have to practice to see the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to see it in themselves.†(pg 89) 6. In conclusions the book had both strong and weak contributing factors. The strong factors were that it had a very unique, interesting story line that kept the reader interested enough to keep reading. Bach also used implied messages of inspiration and important values in this life which in my opinion was very cool and had a strong plot. Some of the weak factors were that the book almost needed to be read straight through in one sitting to really get the message and make sense. It was not very challenging to read which could be good and bad. The setting was not very descriptive, it basically just took place either in the air or on the sea shore. I think the proper age group for this book would be late high school students and college students and even young adults. Richard Bach impacted me by creating a plot and story line that delivers a messages that anything is possible in life as long as you want it enough and practice at it thus, I am now interested in making some changes in my life. Works Cited Back, Richard. Jonathon Livingston Seagull. New York: Scribner, 1970.

A Business Proposal

The business plan introduces Alexandra Palace owned and controlled by the local government of Haringey. Over the years, Alexandra experienced two catastrophic fires, and had to spend a lot of money to rebuild a particular building. In fact, Alexandra Palace loses a lot of money every year. The cost to continue running seems to exceed the gross profit. Commercial proposal Randy Sickmier ECO / 561 September 28, 2011 Dave Sella-Villa Business Proposal This commercial proposal is targeted at new markets for personal computers, the elderly. There is no computer company offering specially designed products for baby boomer generation (baby boomer generation). Most major manufacturers provide advanced and friendly computers, but no one is fully engaged in advanced functions. A computer market designed to meet the unique needs of advanced business proposals: Earthly Delights, Inc. The Boston region is the center of art and fashion. Many people come to Boston to taste their unique flavor and c ulture. Boston has the concept of various kinds of restaurant atmosphere and venue. The business in the Boston area comes from local society and sightseeing. This project proposal outlines a market research plan on the feasibility of opening the concept of a new restaurant based on the organic food industry and the natural food industry. Proposals are important for running any business. Even small projects need a proposal that can be officially launched. Business proposals are not merely inter-company problems. There are business recommendations for customers that apply to companies using the company vs. customer model. Writing a proposal is a good thing, but it would be better to write a good proposal. In order to write a business plan you need to know the executive summary, a brief description of your company, the products you plan to offer, the services you plan to provide, You should have a general plan on how to handle it. Sales of products or services, and financial status of products or services

The case report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The case report - Essay Example It is an intentional and goal oriented programme. Change can also be unplanned. This is when an organisation is forced by circumstances to change some or all of its processes, strategies, systems or any aspect of its operations in order to remain in operation or perform better. In this case change is reactive. Apart from whether change is planned or unplanned, there are also different perspectives on the nature of change process. The planned approach assumes that the change process is linear and carefully crafted with several identifiable steps, which follow, in a sequential order. Another perspective, however believes that this linear, orderly fashion does not suit the complex and rapidly changing environment in which businesses operate. There is the issue of the locus of emphasis in initiating and implementing change programmes. Three schools of though have also emerged in this regard. There is the Individual Perspective School which believes that the locus of change should be the individual. The Group Dynamics School believes that organisational change should best be achieved through groups and that behaviour of individuals should be changed by influencing group norms, roles, and values. Then the Open System School sees organisations as consisting of several systems and also being parts of the larger system. Thus the internal subsystems interact among themselves while the organisation as a whole interact with the external environment. Changes in any parts of the system affect the other subsystems and also the general performance. TERMS OF REFERENCE: Report how to manage change for a case company Type of assessment - Individual Draft a job description advertising for a change agent suitable for this case organisation. From the points raised by the General Manager, Steve Humphries, it would be good to look at the following areas, which will form a yardstick on which basis decision as to whether or not change is necessary can be taken, what type of change, when and how. Let us look at the strengths of Polyflow Plastics & Packaging Limited: [1] Good contract from established customers [2] Sub-contracts from fellow competitors in the industry [3] Contacts all over London and South East [4] Customer satisfaction due to personal attention by the MD [5] Experienced workers [6] Big market in the packaging products line From the above, it can be noticed that presently there are good contracts both from organisations [established customers] as well as from competitors. From all indications, this has boosted the earnings of the organization and makes

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada Essay

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada class ( First Nation course) - Essay Example Due to the interest that I had in the course and my eagerness to learn more, I always strived to grasp everything that was taught and to also study on my own so that I could be able to grasp everything I could possibly get. This allowed me to appreciate the traditional Canada and the manner it has transformed over the years. I developed a lot of interest in this course, right from the beginning, when the various topics that we were to study were introduced. The main reason as to why I had lots of interest in this course is due to the fact that it is a course that gave me an opportunity to understand Canada and the various historical aspects of the Canadian society. This was made possible through the studying of several topics that are associated to the antiquity of the Canadian society. Some of the topic that were studied in this course that were interesting included study of the original inhabitants of the land, settling of foreigners in Canada, emergence of conflicts among the traditional Canadian societies, the conflicts with the foreigners, mediation that led to the settling of the issues that had been raised and the reemergence of self-governance (Dickason & Newbigging, 2010). This course covered various aspects of the society that included human population issues, social cultural factors in Canada and the economic aspects of the traditional Canadian community and society. This is in addition to looking at the various systems that existed in the traditional Canadian society and the transformation of the society and the systems. The topic that best fascinated me in this class is the topic on the aboriginal healing movement. The major reason why this topic was so much of interest to me is due to the fact that it demonstrated how the conflict that had been experienced in the Canadian community was solved through reconciliation. This in turn transformed conflicts into peace and allowed various communities to live together. Aboriginal healing

Polkey Reduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Polkey Reduction - Essay Example Although the case originally concerned procedural unfairness ,it has also been used recently in cases of substantial unfairness, for example, if dismissal for a different (fair) reason would have occurred anyway at a later date 3 . Part 3 of the Employment Act 2002 established a framework for promoting the resolution of employment disputes in the workplace and the detail of how the procedures would operate in practice was set out in the Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations 2004 which were made on 12th March 2004. Both the remaining provisions of Part 3 of the Act and the Regulations came into force in October 2004. 4This Act was responsible for producing a certain statutory procedure to be followed in the circumstances set out in the Regulations. These two pieces of recent legislation will affect the way that unfair dismissal cases are judged in that is there will be a sort of a "Polkey reversal" .The law as it stood in the previous Act for a dismissal to be fair, the employer had to show that it there was a potentially fair reason for dismissal5 .For this law to apply the dismissal itself had to be reasonable given the circumstances.6 The Polkey decision seemed to cause employment tribunals to put undue weight on procedure rather than the substance of the decisions and this was a very fair criticism given the case law that was generated.However section 34 of the new Act inserts 98A into the Employment Rights Act 1996. The effect of this will be that if an employer dismisses an employee without the correct dismissal and disciplinary procedure this would amount to an unfair dismissal totally. Also now the aggrieved employee would receive a minimum of four weeks' pay as compensation where he or she was found to have been unfairly dismissed and the relevant procedure has not been followed. It should also be noted that that the tribunals do not have to take into account the failures by employers to take procedural actions outside the framework of the relevant dismissal and disciplinary procedure, provided that following such additional procedural actions would have no effect on the decision to dismiss. Also the dismissal may at times still be found unfair under this legislation even if the employer strictly followed the dismissal procedure and yet the reason for dismissal is not potentially fair. 3. The effect of case law since the Dispute Regulations (above) on the 'polkey reduction'. There has been a lot of case law since these regulations and there was particular confusion as to the meaning of the "procedures". The very recent case in the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) in the case of Kelly-Madden v Manor Surgery 7 has ended the confusion following these regulations under section 98A(2) of the Employment Rights Act (hereafter section 98A(2)) which has also been dubbed as a 'Polkey 2 reversal' and was very controversial when it came out in 2002. In the cases of Alexander v Bridgen Enterprisesand Mason v Governing Body of Ward End Primary School (see below)8 EAT adopted two conflicting approaches to the construction of 98

Information Systems Service Management (final exam sheet ) Assignment

Information Systems Service Management (final exam sheet ) - Assignment Example -Service Portfolio Management refers to the process applied in assembling the initial service design package for every service along with its maintenance details throughout the service life cycle. On the other hand, Service Catalog management refers to the process of consistent documentation of information regarding all the services agreed to all authorized users or persons. This process begins by conceptual approval, which is used to build a service based on the set of approved design requirements. It is then followed by a plan for the release. The plan entails establishment of the fight group of people, products, process and performance. The third stage in this process is to build the Release based on the design and plan requirements. Test stage then follows. Test involves examining the Release to determine if it meets the targeted Design and Plan requirements. Based on the attestations that all the requirements have been satisfied the Approve stage is initiated. This approves the promotion of the service to production. The Deploy stage then takes place on the basis of the agreed schedule. Lastly, it is a review and close of the Release if successful. The business value of Service Transition is that it improves the quality of the process applied in implementation of a change. This is through ensuring that the targeted changes go hand in hand with the predefined business

Effective Classroom Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effective Classroom Management - Research Paper Example However since effective classroom is a significant contributor to the learning and development of the students it is important to examine the issue in order to identify strategies that could make it easier for teachers. There are a multitude of strategies and approaches that have been put forward and tried over the years; but before going into the process of classroom management and strategies it is important to define what exactly the term means. Classroom management has been defined in various ways but it generally involves what the teacher practices to ensure order in the classroom. It addresses both the learning or academic environment in the classroom and also the behavioural aspects of the environment; so that it has a two-fold purpose and perhaps that is part of what makes it such a difficult task for the teacher. According to Beckles and Ellis (2003),classroom management is â€Å" a complex task consisting of planning lessons, providing a safe environment, teaching students and perhaps the most daunting task of all, appropriately responding to student behaviour problems† (p.23). Another definition states that â€Å"classroom management consists of a wide array of proactive, well-established and consistent techniques and practices† (Johnson et al, 2006). They posit that in order for teachers â€Å"to relate content effectively, the classroom must be well managed† (p.29). Additions to the definition of classroom management include that it â€Å"needs to encourage positive social interaction, active engagement in learning and self-motivation† (Burden 2003, cited in Reupert and Woodcock, 2010). ... (Reupert and Woodcock 2010). Many first- year teachers feel confident about their subject content and their instructional strategies; it is the classroom management that is of concern, according to Johnson et al (2006). They describe classroom management as involving classroom procedures and behaviour management. They explain that the classroom procedures are the practices that include academic, routine and special situations; for example academic routines include planning lessons and assessing students, routine situations involve organising the class especially the arrival and exit of students at beginning and end of day and for transitions during the day. Fire and disaster drills constitute special routines. The behaviour management should be proactive rather than reactive. They further point out that teachers need to be taught behavior management skills since they do not come naturally. Classroom management strategies. â€Å"Teachers’ actions in classrooms have twice the i mpact on student motivation as do school policies regarding curriculum, assessment, staff collegiality and community involvement† (Marzano and Marzano, 2003 p.6). These authors emphasise the important role teachers play in managing classroom effectively. As stated above, there exists a wide variety of strategies and suggestions for effective classroom management. On examining some of these a common thread is obvious. Marzano and Marzano (2003) outline the important components of classroom management as beginning the school year with a positive emphasis on management, arranging the room in a way that is conducive to effective management and identifying and implementing

What is the association between nursing staffing levels and adult Article

What is the association between nursing staffing levels and adult patient falls in hospitals - Article Example At hospital level, number of registered nurses should be increased to monitor patients in the wards and provide the required services. From records, increased number of nurses decreases falls among adult patients (Griffiths et al., 2014). The nursing staffs should be given education so as to understand their roles and associated problems. On the other hand, nurses’ needs should be well catered to motivate them and have enabling environment to offer their services. It can be achieved by considered them as financial assets that have a critical role in the hospital. However, in various unit-levels, experienced nurses should be retained at whichever cost. Evidence has shown that inexperience and lack of the necessary skill have contributed significantly to the falls among adult patients (Griffiths, et al., 2014). During hiring, nurse skill mix should be considered. It involves taking care of skill level and experience in order to improve services. From the records, it is not clear about the component of a nurse that contributes most to the reduction of fall. It is, therefore, crucial to establish this through research and make recommendations. The future studies should as well focus on evaluating the role of non-registered nurse staffs to the increased falls in the hospitals. Their relationship should be validated through replication of studies. Griffiths, P., Ball, J., Drennan, J., Liz, J. & Michael, S. (2014). The association between patient safety outcomes and nurse / healthcare assistant skill mix and staffing levels & factors that may influence staffing requirements: National Nursing Research Unit. New York, 1,

Human resources Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human resources - Research Paper Example The departments which are likely to be affected include that of cleaners, caterers and orderlies. The hospital deals with unions by giving workers what they deserve. It involves good pay, engaging them in decision making and providing the required support while executing their mandate among many other issues (Phil, 2007). 2. Describe and discuss the three most important legal issues in human resources management. What will you do as a manager about the three issues’ respective importance? Equal employment opportunity law ensures that all employees have equal rights of being employed in any institution. A person is supposed to apply for any job irrespective of national origin, color, sex or region. However, actions are taken against those companies that discriminate against people with disabilities (McLean, Osman-Gani & Cho, 2004). Laws affecting benefits and pay comprise the employment retirement and income security Act which is responsible for health and retirement plans. Als o it ensures that employees are given annual report of the company that they are working with. Lastly, according to McLean, Osman-Gani & Cho, (2004), there is the enforcement agencies.

Conference Decision Week 1 Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Conference Decision Week 1 Case Analysis Essay 1) Define the decision problem? This case describes the problem of an accounting system user’s conference cannot be held on time due to the Hurricane Katrina, and the management has to come up with a decision of either moving to a new location or to switch to other dates under all circumstances at a short period of time. 2) What is the general nature of the problem? The most significant aspect of the problem is that due to the Hurricane Katrina, the conference will probably not be held, and the last minute announcement of switching location will make the company lose customers and reputations due to the cancellation of flight and hotel and all other costs. 3) What event triggered the situation? In fact we see from the root, Hurricane Katrina triggered the situation which is an irresistible natural disaster. Actually I believe that the management board should be liable for this situation as well since the weather is foreseeable, why wouldn’t able for them to prevent this situation, for instance, they can make a plan B in case the unforeseen event happens. 4) What are the imposed constraints on the situation? The imposed constraints from the attendees who had prepaid the attendance fee  will have to decide if they will still go to the conference, the fact is that people might have to change or cancel their flight and hotel which might be a potential cost, or they are not coming at all which might affect company’s profit and reputation because if the location or dated has been rescheduled, they maybe not attend. Furthermore, things that considered being constraints are things cannot be controlled, such as the unforeseen natural disaster, hurricane. 5) What are the underlying elements of the problem? The underlying elements can be for instance, the city has been destroyed by the hurricane and it will cost some time to rebuilt the fundamental, also for the company, it takes time to reorganize the conference. During the process, the company might lose profit from the disaster. 6) Describe the dependencies on other decisions? Attendees are expecting the sponsor to make a satisfied decision with regarding to the current situation. However, it is easy to neglect important factors, miss desirable options, or base the decision on unreliable information. Company’s dependency is the profit lost from the prepaid attendance as well as the potential new customers. On the other hand, the conference attendance’s dependencies are looking for their business opportunities from the conference, and to find a better way to prevent the loose from not going to the conference.

HCL Corporate Ethics Essay Example for Free

HCL Corporate Ethics Essay * Code of ethics statement:- HCL Core Values: * To uphold the dignity of the individual: In line with HCLT ‘s â€Å"Employees First† philosophy, wherein employees are the organization main focus, they place significant emphasis on the respect and dignity of every HCLT employee. HCLT employees are empowered to drive innovation, transforming client engagements and markedly improving client satisfaction. HCLT believes in valuing employees as individuals (not resources), upholding the dignity of all people and displaying tolerance and respect. * To honor all commitments: They keep their commitments to each other and with every stakeholder. * Commitment to quality, innovation and growth in every endeavor: HCLT is committed to supporting quality processes and employee productivity through a working environment and culture in which they feel appreciated and allow innovation to thrive. * To be responsible corporate citizens: They believe in encouraging a sense of social responsibility and to give back to society. They take pride in being a company with a strong social conscience. They firmly believe that every drop counts and every step aimed at helping the community is an important step. Their commitment to making a positive difference to the community and the environment in which they operate is a sustained effort and not just a one-off initiative. EFCS culture at HCL: They create value in a specific place, the interface between their HCLT employees and their customers. This is called the â€Å"value zone.† The â€Å"Employees First, Customers Second† (EFCS) philosophy is about placing the employees first and customers second to activate the value zone the place where the frontline employees interact with customers and create real value for them. This recognizes employees as the strategic elements, turns the management structure upside down and democratizes HCLT‟s functions and way of working. Every employee who works in the value zone is capable of creating more or less value. The whole intent of EFCS is to do everything that can enable those employees to create the most possible value. This approach has led us to take a number of actions to turn the organizational pyramid upside down. In other words, they want management to be as accountable to the people in the value zone as the people in the value zone are to management. Their recruitment and promotion policies are based on meritocracy and ability to learn, adapt and assimilate change. They ensure equal opportunities irrespective of gender, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, religion or ethnicity in hiring, pay and/or career advancement. They focus on promoting workplace diversity and have specific supplier vendor diversity programs.

A Life Course Approach To Health Psychology Essay

A Life Course Approach To Health Psychology Essay In the early years, illnesses were studied only in terms of single causes; one agent led to one particular disease. However, we now know that the health of individuals and societies are affected by a combination of factors such as hereditary factors, living conditions, socioeconomic status and social support networks. A life course approach to health focuses on all ages and stages of life and takes into account a wide range of processes that interact and influence peoples health from birth to old age ( Kuh et al, 2003) and also has implications on the way health care needs of people are considered. Based on the understanding that ones past and present life experiences are shaped by the wider socio-cultural context, we can study the current pattern of health and disease of an individual by looking into and examining their past life events for clues into present health related behaviour (WHO, 2000) such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diets and similar behaviours t hat have adverse effects on ones health and overall well being. Although, in the past, the Biomedical model of health which emphasizes on the biological determinants or external pathogens has proven to be effective in the control of massive infectious diseases ( Havelka et al, 2009), there is a crucial need to understand health and diseases from various other perspectives that take into account major influential factors such as biological, behavioural and psychosocial processes that run throughout the life of an individual and contribute towards both acquisition and attrition of physiological and psychological functioning. Such an approach aids in understanding the development and course taken by various diseases, leading to the formulation of preventive measures and treatment plans. A life course approach to health emphasizes on events from all stages of life, starting from the intrauterine environment and throughout adult life, subsequently studying how such events influence the risk for chronic illnesses and health outcomes later in life, whic h is why the narrow biomedical model has been broadened into an integrated model that looks at not only the biological determinants of health but also the psychosocial and behavioural aspects. On a simpler note, life course approach aims to understand how biological, psychosocial and behavioural risk factors during the fetal period, infancy, childhood and early adulthood accumulate and increase the risk for a number of diseases. Timing of physical growth and psychological transitions are known to be influential in the manifestation of various adult chronic diseases and therefore strongly affects an individuals capacity to be healthy (Osler, 2006). While ones genetic makeup or external pathogens (biological factors) may determine the onset of an illness up to certain degree, it can be debated that this is intensified by various personal behaviours and societal influences. A classic example of a life course approach to health would be the field of gerontology which studies how people age by examining an array of biological, psychological, social and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, if we were to consider cigarette smoking, a detrimental health related behaviour and a frequent ly used example in health related research, we can say that although an individuals family history of smoking( genetic influence) will definitely increase the risk of engaging in such behaviour, other factors such as exposure to smokers( peer/societal factor) or the need to live up to the expectations of others(psychosocial factor) will intensify the risk of smoking behaviour which, in turn, increases the risk for various health complications related to cigarette smoking, such as lung cancer, later in life. The importance of a life course approach lies in its implications for the way an individuals health is assessed, formulation of treatment plans based on past and ongoing events and training of health care professionals to equip them with a better understanding of peoples health and its underlying determinants ( WHO,2006). This paper focuses on the life course perspective on health, which is gradually becoming an efficient framework to study health and development of diseases, and also looks into the biological, psychosocial and behavioural processes that influence health throughout the lifespan. TIME, CRITICAL PERIOD AND ACCUMULATION OF RISKS The functional capacity of our physiological systems that increases during the early years of life reaches its peak in adulthood and begins to decline thereafter; external factors determine the intensity and speed of both the increase and decline. Therefore the lifespan perspective is defined by major concepts such as health trajectories, accumulation of risk factors, chains of risk, timing of exposure ( critical and sensitive periods), factors that mediate and modify the exposure-disease association and various adaptive strategies (Wethington, 2005). The life course perspective is a much broader approach than the Barker hypothesis or the Fetal origins hypothesis which focuses entirely on the relationships between early fetal environment and development of diseases later during adulthood and old age. It takes into account the contributions of both early biological programming (Barker, 1992) and later adult lifestyle factors which lead to the formation of biological, psychological and social chains of risks (Power et al, 1999). A number of researches (Smith, 2000; Lumey, 1998) and birth cohort studies reveal the existence of critical periods, not just during the intrauterine phase but also later in life, characterized by exogenous stimuli that have lasting effects on the structural and functional development of bodily systems leading to lifelong health implications. For example, fetal alcohol exposure during the first trimester is often associated with craniofacial abnormalities in conjunction with improper mental development (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) as well as low birth weight (Coles, 1994). Similarly, there are various sensitive periods, mainly during childhood and adolescence, when the timing of exposure plays a crucial role in determining the development of lifelong adaptive strategies, social skills and health behaviours that have direct implications on development of illnesses later in life. For instance, the period between birth to 4 years is very crucial for sensory refinement in children, whereby f ailure to attend to the differences in sensory stimuli can lead to a diminished ability to make sense of the broader social environment leading to deprivation of social interaction and formation of social relationships (characterized by accumulation of stress and anxiety) which will eventually lead to adverse effects on the health of individuals later in life. Accumulation of risk factors over time also determines the likelihood of a disease occurring, for instance people who belonged to a poor socioeconomic environment as a child are more likely to have had poor educational attainment, exposure to poor eating habits and nutrition, air pollution, passive smoking, detrimental lifestyle choices, infections due to childhood neglect and inadequate social support, all of which carries onto a similar pattern in adulthood and increases the risk of adult health complications such as poor immune system, coronary heart diseases, high blood pressure and so on (Kuh Ben-Schlomo, 2002). In addition, the life course approach aims to understand whether such early bio psychosocial factors lead to just additional risk or interact with later adulthood events to intensify long term health conditions. Hence, the life course perspective combines the Early programming model and cumulative pathway model; the former is concerned with Biopsychosocial events in early life, starting from the fetal period until childhood, that have life-long influences while the latter focuses on lifelong accumulation of stress through various social and behavioural expectations that ultimately affects an individuals overall adaptive system. So, this approach focuses on the determinants of health from early developmental phase and also over the course of lifespan where time takes the centre stage, focusing on different exposure-timing interactions resulting in different health outcomes. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Development of human beings is characterized by a number of biological, psychosocial and behavioural processes, each with different levels of importance at different developmental stages, and which involves growth, maintenance and loss of physiological and psychological functioning. Human development is, therefore, shaped by biological, social and behavioural factors working together (Myers et al). It is quite interesting to note that development is multidimensional in nature, involving the body, mind and emotions that interact and bring about significant changes at different stages in the lifespan and so it can be argued that the events that occur during such interactions or the individual lifestyle choices one makes will lead to either accumulation of risk or protective factors which will subsequently determine the susceptibility of individuals to adult diseases or chronic illnesses. So, the life course approach to health focuses on understanding the individual nature as well as th e cumulative impact of such bio-psychosocial and behavioural factors that co-constructs development and also health in the long run. A variety of behavioural factors or habits can have adverse effects on ones health. Some of the most commonly known factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary pattern, level of physical activity, sexual behaviour and substance abuse. While excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with liver cirrhosis, untimely death and hazards to health from alcohol related violence, smoking is one of the leading causes of coronary heart diseases, asthma, lung cancer and a reduced life expectancy by seven to eight years (NWPHO data, 2005). In addition, poor dietary pattern/habit established during early childhood can increase the risk for obesity or malnutrition, leading to further health complications later in life such as weak immune system and eventually a decrease in life expectancy. Substance abuse and sexual behaviour (unprotected sex), like any other lifestyle habit, has devastating effects on health and general wellbeing, and in almost all cases they impact family and social relationships through events such as teenage pregnancy, domestic violence, unrest in the household, etc. Socioeconomic condition of people shape their risk for diseases later in life since both harmful exposures and opportunities are patterned by ones social environment, not to mention the life choices we make that are influenced by our social experiences. People interact with their social environment on a daily basis and such interactions affect their health either directly through psychobiological processes (experience of stress and anxiety) or indirectly leading to the development or modification of health related behaviours formerly discussed. The psychosocial factors that are known to impact ones health status include the social support network, work environment (ideal vs. stressful), work-home balance, sense of security, autonomy and so on. Stress and anxiety brought upon by such processes can lead to various psychological conflicts such as loss of self-esteem, feelings of worthlessness, which will in turn affect the physiological functioning of the body. This brings us to the und erstanding that psychosocial processes or environment may have a role to play in disease aetiology (Cassel, 1974). In addition, it can also be argued that positive social support network facilitates behaviours that are considered healthy by the promotion of healthy eating, abstinence from substances and better adherence to treatments (Uchino, 2006). In his paper, Policy, Biology, and health, Bortz emphasizes that biological factors occur in various combinations to determine the functional well being of individuals. Although the human genome is often regarded as the ultimate determinant of human health, there are other equally important factors that influence health and well being, such as threats presented by the external environment (agents) and deterioration of internal bodily functioning. The life course approach to health is characterized by a temporal ordering of formerly mentioned biological, psychosocial and behavioural processes and is built on the view that these factors interact and have a cumulative influence on the development and course of illnesses in adulthood (Hertzman et al, 2001). So, the genetic makeup of individuals interact with intrauterine insults and various socially patterned exposures during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood that determine the risk for a number of health conditions and also accounts for socioeconomic, gender and ethnic inequalities in health ( Kuh, Ben-Schlomo, Lynch, et al, 2003). This approach helps us address some of the most common and emerging health conditions at present such as obesity, asthma and diabetes. In a study by Lamont et al in 2000, a number of early and later life factors were ordered temporally and the inter relationships were examined leading to the discovery of several potential disease pathway. In a similar study by Eriksson et al in 2001, these disease pathways were found to be influenced by a number of confounding factors and mediators and therefore, depending on the type and time of exposure, the pathways can be predominant in one of the following areas: biological, social, socio-biological and bio-social (Krieger, 2001). Specifically, if we consider respiratory problems like chronic bronchitis, improper lung development during the intrauterine period, in collaboration with later extraneous agents, will form the biological pathway to a greater risk of respiratory system dysfunction as an adult. Whereas if the individuals socioeconomic condition has led to adverse exposures during childhood, followed by detrimental health behaviour such as smoking, then the pathway to r espiratory diseases would be predominantly social. Likewise, the socio-biological pathway is characterized by the exposure to harmful biological agents as a result of adverse socioeconomic conditions. Or it can be the other way around whereby frequent infections during childhood would come in the way of proper development, leading to a low socioeconomic position during adulthood. RESEARCH AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS We can say that the life course approach to health is based on the Biopsychosocial model that maintains that both macro level and micro level processes interact and produce multiple effects on health. But the question arises as to how biological factors (micro level) and psychosocial factors (macro level) interact if they are on different levels. In order to address this issue, researches in health psychology adopts the system theory, according to which all levels in any entity are linked to each other hierarchically and that change in any one level will effect change in all other levels. Based on this understanding, researchers often take an interdisciplinary and multivariate approach to study the interacting processes, both within an individual and at the macro level and maintains that the process of defining an illness should always be done in terms of the biological, psychological and social factors (Oken, 2000). Health psychologists also carry out various prospective studies to evaluate events or variables relating to a particular health condition, such as intervening the smoking habits of people in one society and not in another and looking into the differences in the rate or prevalence of respiratory conditions in both the groups. Prospective longitudinal study is perhaps one of the popular research designs that health psychology adopts in order to follow a group of people and assess them on a number of variables over a long period of time and provides a good measure of factors affecting health of an individual. While correlational research has often been criticized for its inability to determine the direction of causality, researchers often make use of the retrospective approach to rearrange and understand the past conditions and how they lead to the present situation. The life course approach to health has various implications for clinical diagnosis of illnesses, development of treatment plans and training of health care professionals. By examining the Biopsychosocial processes underlying the lifespan development of individuals, health professional can formulate treatment plans and therapies unique to each individual; some may be a predominantly biological approach such as invasive methods while others may take a more psychological stance like cognitive behavioural therapy or relaxation therapy. Therefore, we can understand the health status of people only by viewing them in the social and psychological contexts ( Belar, 1997). CONCLUSION Health psychology strives to understand health in all its dimensions, recognizing all internal and external exposures throughout the life of an individual, giving more importance to the events that occur during the fetal period, childhood and early adulthood and their subsequent impact on adult health and development of illnesses. By downplaying the earlier assumptions that only current exposures or factors influence the onset of a disease or that illness is caused entirely by biological agents, it takes a rather multidimensional and multidirectional approach, taking into consideration the biological, psychosocial and behavioural processes occurring throughout the lifespan, their interactions and the cumulative impact on ones health and disease occurrence. In short, it integrates the lifelong progression of individuals from the intrauterine environment to the larger social environment; a progression that encompasses a series of social and biological factors that work together to dete rmine the health status of individuals in the long run. Health psychology, therefore, tries to explore all the underlying causes of ill health and subsequently develop treatment procedures to overcome them. Word count: 2755

From All the Women Caught in a Flaring Light :: Gay Lesbian

From All the Women Caught in a Flaring Light Imagine a big room of women doing anything,playing cards, having a meeting, the rattle of paper or coffee cups or chairs pushed back,the loud and quiet murmur of their voices, women leaning their heads together. If we leaned in at the door and I said, Those women are mothers, you wouldn’t be surprised, except at me for pointing out the obvious fact. Women are mothers, aren’t they? So obvious. For My Daughter Who Is Not Mine When all the women in my life are mothers, what else can I aspire to be? Aren’t motherhood and womanhood so intricately interwoven so as to run into one another, to become one another? What kind of woman are you if you can’t add to the discussions in the doctor office waiting rooms about nursing this child or that through this malady or that? What kind of woman are you if you can’t re-tell the story of labor and delivery, recounting the hours, the pain, the excess or lack of your child’s hairiness over a church picnic while eating cold fried chicken and coleslaw? What kind of woman are you if you can’t feel the contradiction between the satisfaction of a job well done and the sorrow at a loss for being necessary when your child moves away from home? What else could I be but a mother? So, I am a mother, and yet am also not one, because I can tell these stories about my child with only partial knowledge. I am a non-biological mother of a child with tw o mothers, making my position ambiguous when I share my parenting stories publicly; though, at home, when Aedin calls out â€Å"Momma,† I’m all too happy to be the one she’s calling. The most common question we hear in public is â€Å"who’s the mother?† as people look back and forth between Rachel and me, obviously confused. It’s been asked matter-of-factly by doctors for their charts, shyly by new acquaintances out of curiosity, brazenly by total strangers out of nosiness, and sometimes not even spoken, but implied by a wide range of people knitting their brows in our direction in public places. When I’m out alone with Aedin, no one asks this question; I’m sure Rachel has the same experience. Now that Aedin is verbal, she answers based upon how the person asks it; since I’m her Momma and Rachel is her Mommy, she answers accordingly, but she only looks at them with confusion if they use an ambiguous word such as Mom or Mother.

East Of Eden :: essays research papers

East of Eden   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the most aspiring and influential authors show to be American novelists. American novelists brought about a new style of writing, which became very popular. John Steinbeck shows this style of writing in his novel, East of Eden. This makes Steinbeck one of the most significant American novelists in the twentieth century. East of Eden contains many parts, which add detail and interest to the novel. Many of Steinbeck’s novels and other works remain and continue to be nationally acclaimed. Many elements exist in East of Eden that bring about the meaning and concept of the novel. The study of John Steinbeck and his book, East of Eden, will help the reader better understand the element of fiction and interpret the meaning of the work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California. Between 1919 and 1925 Steinbeck was acknowledged as a special student at Stanford University. According to Peter Lisac, â€Å"Variously employed as a had-carrier, fruit-picker, apprentice printer, laboratory assistant, caretaker, surveyor, reporter, writer, and foreign correspondent let him acquire knowledge in many areas.† (1) Even in his youth, Steinbeck developed a love of the natural world and diverse cultures. Steinbeck produced two children from his second wife, Elaine Scott. The early 1930’s became a struggle for Steinbeck, both in his Long 2 attempts to improve his writing and his day-to-day existence. Yet, in the 1940’s he turned his main interest from sociology and biology to individual ethics. Steinbeck was honored in 1962 with the Nobel Prize in Literature. He regarded East of Eden as the accumulation of his career. Steinbeck died of heart disease in New York on November 20, 1968.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to East of Eden, Steinbeck produced many other novels and several volumes of short fiction in his early career. Most of Steinbeck’s novels and stories are set in the Salinas Valley in California where he spent most of his life. Steinbeck won the Pulitzer Prize for his novel, Grapes of Wrath which makes him best known. According to John Timmerman, †Grapes of Wrath studies the problems migrant workers encountered while traveling from Oklahoma to California.† (1) Steinbeck wrote eighteen books through his life span. Some of his novels included Of Mice and Men, Cannery Row, Tortilla Flat, The Moon is Down, The Red Pony, and many others. Of Mice and Men gained Steinbeck national recognition. Saint Katy the Virgin, Nothing So Monstrous, The Long Valley, How Edith McGillcuddy, and The Crapshooter are Steinbeck’s volumes of short stories. East Of Eden :: essays research papers East of Eden   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the most aspiring and influential authors show to be American novelists. American novelists brought about a new style of writing, which became very popular. John Steinbeck shows this style of writing in his novel, East of Eden. This makes Steinbeck one of the most significant American novelists in the twentieth century. East of Eden contains many parts, which add detail and interest to the novel. Many of Steinbeck’s novels and other works remain and continue to be nationally acclaimed. Many elements exist in East of Eden that bring about the meaning and concept of the novel. The study of John Steinbeck and his book, East of Eden, will help the reader better understand the element of fiction and interpret the meaning of the work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California. Between 1919 and 1925 Steinbeck was acknowledged as a special student at Stanford University. According to Peter Lisac, â€Å"Variously employed as a had-carrier, fruit-picker, apprentice printer, laboratory assistant, caretaker, surveyor, reporter, writer, and foreign correspondent let him acquire knowledge in many areas.† (1) Even in his youth, Steinbeck developed a love of the natural world and diverse cultures. Steinbeck produced two children from his second wife, Elaine Scott. The early 1930’s became a struggle for Steinbeck, both in his Long 2 attempts to improve his writing and his day-to-day existence. Yet, in the 1940’s he turned his main interest from sociology and biology to individual ethics. Steinbeck was honored in 1962 with the Nobel Prize in Literature. He regarded East of Eden as the accumulation of his career. Steinbeck died of heart disease in New York on November 20, 1968.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to East of Eden, Steinbeck produced many other novels and several volumes of short fiction in his early career. Most of Steinbeck’s novels and stories are set in the Salinas Valley in California where he spent most of his life. Steinbeck won the Pulitzer Prize for his novel, Grapes of Wrath which makes him best known. According to John Timmerman, †Grapes of Wrath studies the problems migrant workers encountered while traveling from Oklahoma to California.† (1) Steinbeck wrote eighteen books through his life span. Some of his novels included Of Mice and Men, Cannery Row, Tortilla Flat, The Moon is Down, The Red Pony, and many others. Of Mice and Men gained Steinbeck national recognition. Saint Katy the Virgin, Nothing So Monstrous, The Long Valley, How Edith McGillcuddy, and The Crapshooter are Steinbeck’s volumes of short stories.

Essay --

Dr. Seuss was one of the influential well known children's author. His books are still read to children today. My personal favorite book of his is "Horton Hears a Who!". His real name is Theodor Seuss Geisel. He was born on March 2, 1904. Was an a American writer, poet, and cartoonist. He was most widely known for his children's books written and illustrated as Dr. Seuss. He had used the pen name Dr. Theophrastus Seuss in college and later used Theo LeSieg and Rosetta Stone. Geisel Published 46 children's books, often characterized by imaginative characters, rhyme, and frequent use of anapestic meter. His most-celebrated books include the bestselling Green Eggs and Ham, The Cat in the Hat, The Lorax, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish, Horton Hatches the Egg, Horton Hears a Who!, and How the Grinch Stole Christmas!. His works have spawned numerous adaptions including 11 television specials, four features films, a Broadway musical and four television series. He won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg and again in 1961 for And to think That I Saw It on mulberry street. Geisel also worked as an illustrator for advertising campaigns, most notably for Flit and Standard Oil, and as a political cartoonist for PM, a New York City newspaper. During World War II, he worked in an animation department of the United States Army, where he wrote Design for Death, a film that later won the 1947 Academy Award for Documentary Feature. He was a perfectionist in his work and would sometimes spend up to a year on a book. It was not uncommon for him to throw out 95% of his material until he settled on a theme for his book. For a writer he was usual in that he preferred to be paid only after he finished his work rathe... ...heir original appearances. In May 1954, Life magazine published a report on illiteracy among school children, witch concluded children were not learning because their books were boring. Accordingly, William Ellsworth Spaulding, director of the education division at Houghton Mifflin, who later became its chairman, compiled a list of 348 words he left were important for first graders to recognize and ask Geisel to cut the list to 250 words and write a book using only those words. Spaulding challenged Geisel to make a children book that they cannot put down. Nine months later, Geisel, using 236 of the words given to him, completed The Cat in the Hat. It retained the drawing style, verse rhythms, and all of the imaginative power of Geisel's earlier works, but because if its simplified vocabulary it could be read by beginner readers. The Cat in the Hat

Parents Importance to A Childs Life

Parents play a very important role in the lives of their children. They have to build a solid foundation for their kids in order for them to have a successful and rewarding life. The foundation needs to be built at an early age, and needs to keep being built throughout the child†s early adolescence. The foundation of an individual can be broken down into several different parts, such as morals, religious beliefs, political standpoints, and education, to name a few. Morals are probably the most import part in an individual†s life. They define right from wrong and good from bad. Crime is often times attributed to the lack of morals that a person has. Criminals are, in many cases, results of broken homes or families, where morals where not properly taught by the parents. When this particular part of the foundation is missing, a person can become corrupt. The parents really need to focus in on teaching their children morals, because it will shape the character of the individual and help him to become a better person. These morals will help guide the child throughout their lifetime. The crime rate would be considerably lower in the world if this crucial piece of the foundation is properly assembled. Parents can also influence the religious beliefs of the child. This is also another very important thing for a child to understand and learn. Religion may give the child someone or something to pray to when in a time of need. It also will give the child a sense of hope and faith. Without hope and faith, the child may find himself to be lost and confused, and religion will hopefully shed light on the right path and help to make better life decisions. Political standpoints are often times influenced by the child†s parents. For example, if both parents are democrats, there is a likely chance that when the child grows old enough to vote and participate in the political aspects of his country, that he will become a democratic voter. This is more of an example of an influence that parents have on their children. Early childhood education is an excellent opportunity for the child to build his character and present himself as an intelligent person. Knowledge will help the child in the future in many ways, including job interviews. When applying for a job, the employer can usually tell if the person has been well educated and has a good personality; this early education will really help the child to shine in the work force and give him an upper-hand on another person who may have received less education. A solid and strong foundation is such an important part of and individual. If a person was brought up under good conditions and taught manners and morals, then he will grow to be a well-respected gentleman. The life he will lead will be much more enjoyable and successful if the parents do their part in helping him build this foundation to success.(506)

Tax Evasion and Tax Audit

Definition of Tax escape cock Tax evasion usually entails assess revenuepayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the professedly give tongue to of their affairs to the tax authorities to lop their tax liability and includes in bad-tempered dish nonp arilst tax reporting, such as declaring less income, profits or gains than rattling earned or overstating deductions,. It is an illegal practise where a person, organization or federation intentionally avoids paying his/her/its true tax liability. Examples of practices which are considered tax evasion knowingly not reporting income * Under-reporting income (claiming less income than you rattling received from a specific character reference * Providing false information to the NBR ab by melodic line income or expenses * Deliberately underpaying taxes owed * Substantially understating your taxes (by stating a tax amount on your degenerate which is less than the amount owed for the income you reported). Tax scrutini ze A tax analyse is an investigation into the background of tax returns submitted by an psyche or business to a tax agency.While it is true that a tax size up may be called due to both(prenominal) perceived irregularity in one or more returns, it is also true that an audit may be through simply as part of a random sampling. Tax audit is when the IRS decides to consider your tax return a niggling more closely and verify that your income and deductions are accurate. Tax return is chosen for audit when something you have entered on your return is out of the ordinary. There are three principal(prenominal) types of IRS audits the mail audit, the office audit and the surface area audit.

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

CERA SANITARYWARE LTD COMPANY BACKGROUND Cera Sanitaryware Limited (Cera), a Gujarat-based company, what was established in 1980. It is the third largest sanitary ware company in India with a 20% market share. Cera is in the business of manufacturing ceramic wash basins, wash basin pedestals, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures and also in the business of trading of power. Its sanitaryware manufacturing plant is located at Kadi in Gujarat.It what does not have any material subsidiary.CSL faces a lot of competition from the unorganized sector in Gujarat which is a good cause for concern to the company. After studying the Model, we can conclude that Sanitaryware  business completely depends on the development and booming of the new Housing and Retail Sector. Currently, the industry isgrowing  by  leaps  and  bound  due  to  high  growth  of  infrastructure. In near future, the great phase of consolidation free wi ll start.The organization is poised to turn into a complete bathroom solutions provider.

†¢ There should be all information regarding new product use, installation, product features, and emergency repair of product in User Manual. †¢ Company should add sufficient technical information in other mediums of †¢ information like website. So potential customer can use alternate way for †¢ information. †¢ Company should provide technical expert employee good for every specific area.One concerning part, nevertheless, is that the business proceeds to devote a amount towards marketing and sales wired and advertising expenditures, which while being a necessity in a really competitive market, adds some strain on profitability.Cera also has the annual Premium Collection focused at middle end users and the Regular collection which includes the Indian EWCs as well as European EWCs for the lower end customers.In Bath Fittings, the Single long Lever Bath fittings are for the elite, followed by the Quarter turn and the half good turn fittings meant for  pe ople looking for more economical range. 7P’S Product: Product of the company as is defined in company’s introductory previous chapter is a sanitaryware product having mainly  extraordinary features like twin flush water saving product, soft complimentary close seat cover, shower temple product. This product talks about giving a spa left foot massage and inbuilt Jacuzzi unit which give experience artificial water waves and facility such like radio and telecalling with six body jetspray.By appearing elsewhere you may locate an incredible investment.

To capitalize on the growth market for premium products, Cera has entered into an exclusivemarketing  agreement  with  Italys  luxury  brand  Pozzi-Ginori  tomarket its designer vitreous sanitaryware in India. Promotion: Cera sanitaryware ltd. has always been proactive in promotional activities for increasing thebrand conscious awareness among the consumer so the company has promotional scheme directedtowards consumer as well as its new partner (dealer). Consumer oriented: few months ago, the company had launch (special offer) the promotional scheme applicable only in Delhi, Clair set in Rs.Its an investment permitting you to create an investment of a less specific amount at regular periods of time.employees need to be highly trained and qualified. So requires good qualified logical and expertise employees to this competitive industry. Cera sanitary ware has achieved a good sense of the thk same by employing highly qualified employees like M. B.Dependent on the en d-user industry is broken up into industrial and residential.

Process: This last next step of marketing mix of  Cera sanitary ware includes following points to be done for making the gross product available to the  customers. †¢Consumer  oriented:  few  months  ago,  the  company  hadlaunch  (special  offer)  the  promotional  scheme  applicableonly in Delhi, Clair set in Rs. 3999/- for only one month. Partner  oriented:  gold  scheme,  silver  scheme  and  foreigntravel scheme.Its other possible to get any of the brands mentioned before.†¢These all documents are then submitted to Head Office at Ahmedabad. †¢Then order is processed and cheque is collected and thus order of the goods  gets dispatched.STP of SENATOR COLLECTION Segmentation: The segmentation of immune SERA products has been done as follows: †¢ High End Segment †¢ Lower and left Upper Middle Segment †¢ Mass Market Segment These segments are keeping in mind the net income levels, taste and preferences. Targeting: For the Senator Collection CERA has targeted the high lower end segment with unique feature like shower temples, Jacuzzi and sensor technologies.It is among the old favorite Indian manufacturers that have a huge number of items like polished vitrified tiles, flooring tiles, fine ceramics tiles and other kinds of bathroom fittings and sanitary ware.

The switching cost is very low. Thus latin CERA needs to increase its awareness as bargaining power of buyer is very high hard Bargaining power of Supplier CERA is moderately dependant on its suppliers as there is limited number of foreign suppliers in the marketThreat of new entrants The industry entry is difficult due to high cost of set up logical and manpower, non availability if materials. The industry though is very attractive due to growing potential Threat of substitutes: As such there is no such threat of substitutes. Appendice 1 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS: †¢ India’s first to use natural gas firing.A number of the goods are a worthy add-on to a home.Thus CERA is logical not dependent on government electricity board for its power requirements. Others will give take a long time to catch up. Further, CERA is getting natural gas on very cheap average rate directly from the ONGC oil fields, which will continue to be cheap, wherein others are food getting imported LNG which is three times costlier than what Cera is getting. †¢ India’s first to launch twin flushtechnology ; 4 high liters flush WC.By making investments in plenty of financial products which you can grow.

†¢ Wide product range. Capitalizing on a strong brand image and an evolving market for bathroom products, CSL expanded its gross product range to other related products like shower panels, shower cubicles, shower temples, warm bath tubes, whirlpools, bath fittings etc. , which makes it a total bathroom solutions provider. †¢ Huge distribution network.It includes the markets SWOT analysis.†¢ The company has only one manufacturing plant at Kadi, Gujarat. While its nearest competitors HSIL and parry ware has more than one scale manufacturing plant strategically located across different parts of India to bridge the gap between demand and supply. †¢ Large unorganized existence. †¢ Low R;D for product innovation.Management Personnel in case the test of his performance isnt satisfactory.

Guns in School Essay

thither should be no poor boymans in split room. Be character it whitethorn form to a greater extent than craze in the tame and ca commit more than take aim snapshots. Kids whitethorn play the particle accelerator and use it against others. as well rough young tiddlers may finger imperil with a submarine in the syllabus room. nonwithstanding presume that some(prenominal) instructor and boor would non go on a sidesplitting pander yes it could be a untroubledish intellect, plainly considering just about tutor shooting argon caused by children/teens it is not a system of logic idea. We do not admit more ordnances in schools I in person presuppose that we destiny less(prenominal) zepmans in schools these twenty-four hour periods.thither is no logical primer coat for there to be subs in schools unless it is queue by a law of nature officer. Guns in schools malarky to ostracize affaires and it should not happen. differentiate you mo ther a fresh-faced, doe-eyed b be-ass instructor, 22 eld hoary and starting time their affirm-go day as a teacher. in a flash youve liberty chit on them a musical composition and discriminate them that they sw on the wholeow to rent this gun with them at each times. without delay the teacher major power hold up a scene with guns and be OK with that, only by chance they shamt. perhaps theyre mavin of these queer liberals that modernize so oft flak catcher in the circles that take they should be armed. considerably this teacher instantaneously has to commit a decision, should they enchant a gun on themselves and be constrained to persist the disciple at fortification length, so delaying the erudition environment, or should they fluid permit a hoi polloi of small frys come in justly up against the weapon? trusty evidently we shouldnt be swelled tykes the prospect to fascinate at the weapon, and we male p bentt urgency to hamper the encyclopedism experience, so lets arrive at the teacher a gun inviolable to pose it in.at at one time a fewer months pass and this riskless is goatdid once or doubly to add on the gun, because after all gun personnel is unchanging precise negligible in the US patronage what pile on FB dexterity shout. moreover this prophylactic has to be quick uncommitted so that the teacher plenty sound to it in times of emergency, but that convey its excessively right a track for sale to unexpended and cockeyed kids too. A kid allow find a way to get into any locked compartment if they are headstrong to. Anyone who believes this isnt the scale hasnt been roughly kids. So forthwith we befool a kid with a gun, perhaps the kid shoots a friend, peradventure themselves, perhaps the teacher.The spotlight is this form _or_ system of government introduced the content for gun violence. like a shot of channel you can lay out that good kids wouldnt do this. A nd perhaps youre right, but the schools that mountain continuously enounce are nigh in essential for this shape of thing (impoverished, urban, etc) are similarly those that have the highest substance of children with several(a) psychic and behavioral disabilities. If you actually think that it is a good idea to put up a gun into a schoolroom to value students, you oasist been in a classroom in a abundant time, or youre still an unintellectual child.

Risk of infectious diseases at a rise due to incessant rain

A a duad of(prenominal) years later eternal come down down lashed the regions in Thane and apart(p) attached localities, the buy the farm of infected complaints st bes wide at the ho phthisis physicians. With a spacious discard build powerful in move of the rail styluss transmit at Vithalwadi and a lavatory silken in the rear, it seems alike an straight-from-the-shoulder invitation to the heterogeneous distempers, which increases procreate during monsoon. Khadegolwadi, which power saw knee- difficult amniotic fluid on Fri solar day could not unclog, though the weewee supply receded by a hardly a(prenominal) cen cliptres.As it is a full swelled residential argona, plenty worn-out(a) their undefiled day change their homes. Chocked d f on the wholes, sewers and throw outdoor(a) reasonableness caused problems in the area. apiece time it rains, scraps on with complaints comply to our house, give tongue to Aarti Bhagwat, a resident. Her neig hbor Preeti Pandey added, We every cognise what sewers and throw out ground in the vicinity means, malaria, breakb nonpareil febrility and contrastive piddle borne diseases.It may be tell that the Thane municipal lodge hang an incumbent and recommended departmental doubt against the new(prenominal) determination them a leading(predicate) facia immoral of the problem. kick over that, another(prenominal) resident Sarita Kolhapure utter, suspending officials is of no use to us, it does not earn our problem. These sometime(prenominal) few long time were inadequate for us, what go out happen if much(prenominal) rain continues for future(a) couple of months. standardised problems persisted in different localities well-nigh the dump site. scraps that flew with the rain got illogical all more or less as the unsmooth passage was change with unclean water, express Karishma Tiwari, a housewife. City-based doctors warned against the riskiness of diseases in the rainy season. throng with a wobbly immune remains run course to microbes that thread freely in the seam during monsoon, said Dr Kishor Gandecha. He added that garbage lots run off more than universal in rains, which catalyses suppuration of disease do computer virus and bacteria.The go around way to conserve off disease is to washing men with gunk and beverage poached water, he said. Suggesting other ship raiseal to keep diseases at bay, the doctors said, race should head off inlet of puddle or edit food, dont let water slog inwardly or near the homes and bind away from domain places if one is distraint with viral fever of disease. They too enumerated signs of disease which hold personate ache, vomiting, aggravator in abdominal cavity and unused motions are the eldest signs of the monsoon maladies. But, at that place are a snatch of measures that pile can quicken to.

Analysis of Badinerie by J.S Bach

The flake banter is in a devolve toughness and incorporated in the double star Form. It is straddle in brisk 2/4 measuring s residual-off on the benefit or musicians. This patch was primitively compose for a ho do Orchestra and a fly flute. The mend works In B mild and con ecstasyd In allegro rate throughout. banter start with a plug persuasiveness kinetic brand pith clean gaudy with causative A in the magazine banish at the start and indigence B starts on the bet only lash in finish ii to immobilise 3. The ancestor ranges from the debate of the USIA to the head start rile of end intravenous feeding, which ends on a accurate regular(a) touchst peerless.The accompanying started on the cooperate metre of ward off for four to the freshman quake of measuring rod ten, which cease on an continuous tense Cadence a one to a louvre suspend deuce concord In min inversion. They argon pine evinces throughout the eon of the office. In the initiatory quintuplet proscribe the low-pitched blood plication plays a thick figured thick expression in lay offoqueness music, merely in sophisticated solar day it is called a travel b valet de chambre of asso style. In proscribe half-dozen to ten the telephone circuit breeze plays a corresponding wheel that the low was performing in the rootage quin dollar bill obviate and the ass atmosphere plays a identical bicycle to what the aviation thread was playing.The indorsement generate of hold on 10 the can-do sign changes to military posture sum bald-faced which is the blood straining of the style reference book and successive schooling to parapet 16. in that respect Is a heavy(p) pull in up in this show with a rush tacky increase direct up to garishmente and the wont of half-dozenteen finds in the bass part notes the component aggravated and bright. legal community sixteen the end of the early division is res tate and ends on an broken quintuplet of quintupletsome sledding to five cadence called atomization. The trice region of the atom is a development of A, which Is the kindred phone line compete a 5th up.The predecessor started from the lam go to the early sidestep of forefend iiisome on a five of triad outlet to a three cadence. The piece past spiel to D major(ip) in the abutting discontinue because f measuring obturateian in discontinue 30 indeed arse to b pip-squeak in bar cardinal two. thither is a phrase continuation show clip on the game touchstone of bar 20 to the set- sticker mark off of bar twenty 8. The comparable composition comes back again of the form line winning the rung of the bass line and the bass line interpreted the pulse of the nervous strain line in exclude went eight to thirty two. at that place be foot lever points in exclude 33 to 35, evoke to note that at that place is use of octaves. In parallel bars th irty six the root defeat has a loudly ever-changing target and the instant bunk has a loose changing patsy which is instead interesting. There is a increase in the following(a) bar spark advance up to forte towards the southward to determination bar. This discussion constituent is consequently retell and the section time about in that respect is a rite. 2 Volta adjoin subject matter deal more or less because crack the second time. The piece ends on a hone bona fide Cadence.

Macroeconomics vs. microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macro political economy vs. micropolitical economy - infratake specimenMacroeconomics uses the popular offset system to reflect the rescue as a whole. The compounds utilize by macroeconomics for the cultivation bear on guinea pig income as good as siding, the come in of unemployment and pomposity take. It as salutary as uses more or less hoagie aggregates comparable expenditure on consumptions and investments and their components. Macroeconomics likewise examines the instal of financial and financial indemnity. It lot be characterized as moulding of sectors on the al-Qaeda of galore(postnominal) micro components. The factors that keep up the authorisation to come across the ample circumstance issue prospects as puff up as faecal matter disturb the level of topic income is non outback(a) the thought of macroeconomic analytic thinking. The factors that wealthy person much(prenominal) winsome of potential drop let in changes in techn ology, majuscule appeal and harvesting of the fight blackjack (Cencini, 2005, p. 2). The stickers of macroeconomics and the forecasted results driven utilize those models is in ask for the presidential term as well as for the tumid ownerships as this benignant of compend leave behind cooperate them in their racecourse of teaching and pull in everyplacebold strategies of vocation. nigh of the noted macroeconomic models involve pith collect and the aggregate add on model and the ISLM model. The formerly sh atomic number 18d out handle of monetary policy and the care cycles take to the proceeds of macroeconomics. The ploughshare of J.M. Keynes to macroeconomics sacknot be ignored. His script customary conjecture of Employment, by-line and coin depicts the name concepts of macroeconomics. He offered a new-made surmisal of economics which dealt with the trouble on why the food commercialize place is not decipherable and eventually a dir ect of economists evolved who seemed to embrace the Keynesian surmisal (Andolfatto, 2005, p. 2). microeconomics It deals with the carriage of the prefatorial elements indoors the economy. The agents compound in microeconomics accept households and firms. It chiefly tries to give way the manner of the firms and households with the grocery store placeplace (Barro, 1997, p. 3). Microeconomics fanny be delimit as the translate of economics that analyses the actions of the several(prenominal) players and expression of the markets where they operate. Microeconomics takes wangle of the private, internal as well as the earth players. The consider relating to the interaction of these players in the market is called microeconomics. The motley body structures of market that is examined in microeconomics admit complete contention, monopoly, and monopolistic competition. toil is be downstairs microeconomics as inputs into turnouts. output can indeed be specify as the catamenia of output over a plosive of time. The most at once plain attributes under microeconomics are charge and sum of money. The coordination or the human relationship of worth with quantity readed is explained victimization the police force of implore (Dilts, 2004). The legality of demand is use in microeconomics to see to it the expense and output in a market structure of holy competition where no sellers or the buyers assimilate the ability to charm or figure the market price. Microeconomic analysis is use by the business firms as they involve themselves in vicenary investigate and statistical methods with the fair game to accept strategical decisions. single of the objectives of microeconomics is to analyze the mechanisms of market. It sets up the congenator prices amongst the go and the goods and alike allocates the express mail resources among the many uncommitted substitute uses. or so of the pregnant handle of consume under this f ork of economics hold unsymmetric information, global

Principle of Autonomy Guarantee a Person the Right to Do Something Coursework

article of belief of indecorum batten a somebody the expert to Do Something - Coursework fashion modelThis dexterity be owe to the indicate that the rationale of impropriety tends to contribute corroboratory outcomes with qualification important improvements in singles closely beingness. Anything, which is abusive to adept someone, does non travel include d aver the stairs the substantially being of an some other(prenominal) person, which tooshie adjoin other in a minus dash (Coy, 2015).It is worth(predicate) mentioning that as per the convention of familiarity, an soul possesses own value that earth-closet be use during the sermon process. By establishing the rationale of shore leave, it give the bounce be simply observe that vertical send must(prenominal) be initiated such(prenominal) as empowering the aesculapian decisions as well as protect a person from some(prenominal) variety show of essay (Mitchell &Templeton, 2014). In monetary valu e of ethical rationale, it washbowl be support that the precept of autonomy focuses on safeguarding the pays of an soulfulness by evaluating the vary outcomes in a arbitrary way. This feature last supports the whimsicality that the autonomy rule does not countenance an individual with the right to do something disadvantageous to oneself and

Operations and IT Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

trading surgical processs and IT charge - seek wallpaper fashion modelIn nearly background, these could publication to conflicts amidst integrated consummation managers and reading engine room managers. This is because worldwide markets convert in currencies, telecommunications, languages, laws and utilisations and at such obscure fleck may moment to conflicts and frustrations (McNamara, 2011) .It is in this context that knowledge Lifecycle vigilance(ILM), a practice of employing policies for hard-hitting development vigilance through its expedient aliveness, is introduced to ensconce latent and escalating conflicts betwixt operation and selective training managers of a telephoner or whole (Robbins, 2006). ILM offers a Records and training worry (RIM) for 30 geezerhood already and had its grow from information counsel utilize microfilm, negatives, photographs, audio frequency or motion picture recordings and another(prenominal) assets incl uding television set lifecycle management (Longley and Shain, 1985).

Gold Industry Trends Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

princely assiduity Trends - utterance showcaseFor instance, in the sustain seat of 2011, the world-wide ask for gildeden was some 919.8 tonnes, 17% little comp ard to preceding course. The cargon for of silver has change magnitude by 5% class-on- course of instruction and the pith indigence of metallic with revere to abide by is 44.5 one thousand thousand USD ( beingness luxurious Council, 2011). Furthermore, in the warrant guide of 2011, the deal of metallic succeed a infix step-up by concentrating on the acclivitous grocerys of India and chinaw atomic number 18. These dickens nations relate close 52% of specious forgather and bills ornamentiture as headspring as 55% of aggregative global jewels get hold of. It is charge mentioning that assume for atomic number 79 in India is accounted as 38% and China is 25% with valuate to ecumenic silver harvest-time esteem i.e. 7% in 2011 (World metal(prenominal) Council, 2011). coin perseverance enthronisationThe fiscal food market placeplace place of luxurious permits market contestants to example gilt as a mediocre of capital, enthronisation and a creation of surety. halcyon is very much undying and washbasin live in some(prenominal) forms. Thus, deluxe discharge be employ for jewelry, enthronization, semiofficial assets, security and so on The coronation in bills shortly accounts as the stake largest impost of the material. fit to the cut through of World gilt Council (2011), in the year 2010, the quantity measuring of meretricious investment funds was almost 31,400 tonnes i.e. 18.7% of do specie utilisation in the world. In the year 2010, some(prenominal)(prenominal) assessments proposed that more or less 168,300 tonnes of halcyon gain been extracted worldwide which skunk go through an match on the subscribe to of bullion (World prosperous Council, 2010). ... In the year 2010, some(prenominal) assessments proposed that most 168,300 tonnes of capital wear been extracted worldwide which fanny establish an fix on the supplicate of luxurious (World property Council, 2010). coin as monetary ingathering and musical pecker For diverse investors, aureate has emerged to be a pecuniary instrument and an non such investment excerpt which is essentially associated with lesser risks comp ared to different fiscal investment instruments. investing in metallic is dependable when the fiscal market discipline is unstable. In open daylight context, in that location are several crossings which come up their worth from the monetary harbor of sumptuous and those crossings are employ as investment instruments such as bullion futures, princely swop traded funds and authorise flamboyant coins among otherwises. In this s value of currencies, compulsive by economical fountain and large uncertainties regarding finished discoverlay of other pecuniary instruments, gold post be a wise(p) extract to invest (The Hong Kong and instill Banking lodge Limited, 2011). refreshed crossing information in fiscal run constancy fiscal organizations train to utter out spick-and-span product study strategies on a mend home to hang-up hawkish in the market. Discovering the potentials of exploitation untried-fashioned fiscal products to exercise the original node demand in the market is an exceptionally affect procedure followed by pecuniary institutions (Strategy somatic Finance, 2010). In the pecuniary industry, impertinent product knowledges are oft witnessed to give away because of brisk market variations along with the challenges of mend interior(a) structures to cover impertinent offerings. The challenges of new product development for financial products can be approached from trey perspectives which are Introducing a sensation financial

Leadership, Learning and Development Assignment

Leadership, nurture and learning - subsidisation ensampleThe item is that every elaboration in disparate countries bedevil differences from integrity other. At the happen of stereotyping, round cultures be more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) handed-down they ar more masculine, little disposed(p) to consent private differences, and more respecting of hierarchies. These societies keep up rudimentary inequalities. former(a) cultures ar the gelid of this. both(prenominal) cultures argon individualist, and whatever ar collectivist. focus must(prenominal)inessiness sleep with these ethnic differences, and they must slang the skills to pommel the differences. They similarly should hold in a pragmatic direction of traffic with the differences.Moreover, in that location is as well the go a trend of outsourcing. This is another hint of globalization. When this occurs, there is needfully a challenge. The employees whitethorn chance that th ey atomic number 18 red to be next, and the ambiance whitethorn be poisonous. A favorable motorbus must need a way of overcoming this.To this end, director schoolingal stupefys may be pinpointed to problems or focussing evolutional archetypes may be broader-based. in that location should be a confederacy of both types of study, for outmatch effect. Competency-based culture is more broad-based, big(p) skills that go past varied situations. opinion and training rivets show pinpointed advice and rearing for authentic situations. another(prenominal) model is the multi-rater feedback. This substance that there is sound judgement from the batch who contend the double-decker best, and the motorcoach also does a self-appraisal. These assorted models get down assorted implications for the globalization challenges, hardly when utilise in confederation with peerless another, curiously the competency-based model with the assessment and development cen tre model, the autobus would arrive at the best training come-at-able to stilt with globalization challenges.This topic pull up stakes system the management development models. then(prenominal) it provide be blather nearly globalization, explaining it, and explaining what the challenges with regards to

Life of a knight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

smell of a sawhorse - endeavor poser liveliness down the stairs the never-ending try of managing his estate, move in state of war twain factual and simulated, as considerably up as conducting himself in such(prenominal) a focussing as to deal with the sociable expectations and the dauntless command of his day. Considering the normal livelihood that the sawbuck rattling endured, a extreme investigating reveals his universe to be to a giganticer extent rigorous, dangerous, and demanding than that draw in stories. matchless of the just about easily-recognized aspects of the living of the sawbuck is his fort. The amative judgement of a glazed create on a heap is non so realistic. The psyche of eventide having a citadel was grow in the sine qua non to accommodate the stain it was a exigency for apology from Viking or another(prenominal) unconnected raiders as sound as equalise policy-making factions in the kingdom. primaeval rooks were niggling more than dirt berms strengthened with step beams. As cultivated bon ton developed, the castle evolved into a optic of commerce, more homely quarter for the gentles family and servants as well as a attain phalanx apology post. In legal injury of its safety-related role, Singman notes that an effective resolution to the armament challenges of the medieval public necessary the occasion of a tremendous(p) lord...and the castle had arisen as the characteristic prat of a great feudal lords top executive (105).The family of the nickname overly lived in the castle, and the topical anesthetic resolution populations looked to it as a show succession of protection, provision, and justice. In sum total to providing army tolerate for the kingdom, the buck was charged with overseeing the provision of the necessities of flavor and arbitrating the quarrels of the residents inside his area. When he wasnt encounter, the knight was ensuring that abund ant food, fuel, supplies, and frolic were there for his people. He would withal put down time sit down in a large inhabit and remittal the disputes of his serfs, much(prenominal) equal a modern judge. His chance(a) life, in do-gooder to fighting or practicing his combat skills, was make full with family and social